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Abortion refers to the termination of pregnancy. It is a process that involves the removal of the fetus before it is viable. In most cases, it is carried out before the fetus is 25 weeks old. Abortion, in this case, can be spontaneous or induced. In most developed countries cases of abortion are legal while in the developing nation, cases of abortion are considered as illegal. This brings about the difference in the unsafe and safe abortion. About 70000 maternal death globally are as a result of abortion. Traditionally abortion was done with crude tools such as use of physical trauma and sharp tools but with the advancement in technology use of medication and advanced surgical procedures are used to carry out the act.
Globally a third of the pregnancies are said to be unintended. This is what results in the termination of some of these pregnancies through the forceful removal of the fetus. The gestation age of the fetus under consideration is the main determinant into the method that will be applied to carry out abortion. Also, the legality of abortion is another determinant of the method that will be used. The induced abortion can be classified as either therapeutic or elective. The therapeutic abortion will be carried out by a medical professional on a patient in the efforts to save the patient under consideration. Some of the patients whose lives might be threatened by the pregnancy are the ones likely to undergo this form of abortion (Broen, 40). The elective form of abortion is where the will of the mother to terminate the pregnancy is prioritized. Noteworthy is the fact that this type of abortion is not carried out for medical reasons.
Spontaneous abortion, this type of abortion is not intentional. It is commonly referred to as miscarriage. It occurs mostly during the 20th and the 24th week of pregnancy. This is mainly caused by vascular diseases, infections, trauma, and chromosomal abnormalities among other factors that would necessitate the process (Rahman, 800). In most cases, the history of spontaneous abortion and age are the main causes of miscarriage. Cases of accidents have also been recorded to bring about abortion among women around the globe.
Causes of abortion, a myriad of factors necessitates the act of abortion among the women in the society. These factors relate to social, religious and the economic factors (Rowlands, 198). These factors include that of the society’s desire for convenience. In many societies, pregnancies and children are seen as hindrances to fun and pleasure. Many in today’s society will opt for the removal of the fetus in efforts to pursue happiness and the pleasure that life offers. In fact, many have gone ahead to pressure the government to legalize abortion to avoid facing the full force of the law. Another cause is the lack of respect for life. Many of the debates that have been going on have suggested that life of the fetus starts after birth.
This kind of ideas have the capacity to necessitate abortion among the women in the society. Other factors are those that relate to poverty and lack of sufficient fund to cater for the basic needs of life. In many societies, the girls who get pregnant do not have an income to support themselves or the life of the newborn child. This makes many to choose abortion over the burden of bringing up the child. Another factor that is necessitating the act of abortion is the stigmatization in the society. Very young girls who get pregnant are criticized by the members of the society and this leads them to carry out abortion (Sedge, 225). Cases of rape have also been seen to promote abortion. Many of the girls who are raped in the society opt to terminate the pregnancy as opposed to keeping the baby of assumed to be of the rapist. This is in the efforts to get rid of the psychological trauma that is associated with rape. Also, the demands of education for those girls who would like to continue or further their education has been another cause of abortion cases in the society.
Effects of abortion, in some cases, the termination of pregnancy for medical reasons is justified to save the life of the mother. It should be noted that the process is also very delicate and might lead to severe effects on the part of the one procuring the abortion. Abortion may lead to medical complications such as those that relate to recurrent miscarriages, uterine infections, sepsis among other complications (Bartlett, 730) In the case of excessive breeding, abortion can lead to the death of the mother. The hormonal changes that might occur if the procedure is carried out regularly can tune the program where sustenance of a pregnancy is compromised. The feeling of guilt on the part of the individual carrying out the abortion can have traumatizing effects leading to depression (Rue, 2014). Ultimately this can have deadly consequences on the part of the one procuring the abortion.
Abortion can be viewed as a social, religious as well as medical issue. Across the globe, abortion is embedded into legal laws of the different countries. In one way or the other abortion affects individuals directly or indirectly. It is from this that ethical considerations arise that aid individuals on what kind of direction to take. Key mechanisms that have been seen to control the cases of abortion in the many countries relate to legal and religious issues.