Papers Gallery

What is the adaptive advantage provided by both furs and feathers?

True or False: Organ systems are found only in recently evolved deuterostomes, including chordates and vertebrates.

Of the animal groups listed below, which one evolved first?

Adaptations that provide an advantage in drier terrestrial habitats are seen in

Which of the following is not a function of the echinoderm’s water vascular system?

The advantage of a segmented body plan is that it allows for

Outside of the animal kingdom, our closest evolutionary relatives are probably in the kingdom Protista

Imagine that you have discovered a new species resembling a tunicate. If you wanted to confirm that this animal is a chordate, which of the following traits would you look for?

Consider an animal that has very different needs at different stages of its life—for example, one that is aquatic and carnivorous when young, then develops into an adult that is carnivorous and terrestrial. This animal can best be successful at both stages of its life by

Which of the following is not an innovation specific to mammalian parental care?

Cnidarians are a group of animals that have

Tissues and symmetry are found in all animals except sponges.

Which of the following traits describe(s) protostomes?

Earthworms have complex organ systems for digestion and circulation.

Which of the following traits describe(s) deuterostomes?

Jellyfish and people are both animals, and so they share a number of key biological features characteristic of the entire kingdom. However, because of their distant ancestry, these two groups also exhibit important differences in body structure and function.

Which of the following characteristics is present in humans but not in jellyfish?

A recent revision of the evolutionary tree suggests that the __________ are the closest living relatives of the now extinct dinosaurs.

Among the more advanced animals, there are two distinct ways in which the basic body tissues become arranged during the development of a fertilized egg. In ________, such as insects and earthworms, the first opening to form in the embryo becomes the mouth, whereas in ________, such as humans and sea stars, the mouth forms from the second embryonic opening.

Which of the following animals is most closely related to an octopus?

Evolutionarily speaking, to which of the following animal groups are you most closely related?

A pH value of 0 represents the lowest possible concentration of free hydrogen ions in a solution.

The role of chemical buffers in living systems is to maintain the hydrogen ion concentration within narrow limits favorable for the internal environment of cells.

The molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is most closely related to which class of macromolecules?

H20 and CH4 are both examples of

A compound capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water

Which of the following is not an example of a compound that would fall into the category of monomers?

What will happen if you add a mild acid to a solution that is buffered at pH = 7?

Which of the following statements about covalently bonded molecules is false?

In which of the following molecules would you expect to find electrons shared between the atoms that make up the molecule?

The strongest chemical linkages are found in molecules in which atoms are held together by ________ bonds.

The elements hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon

In a saturated fat, you would expect to find all of the following except

A solution with pH = 5 is ________ than a solution with pH = 7

Which of the following represents a polymer of amino acids?

In a phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules are pointed outward so that they are in maximum contact with water.

If two electrons come close to one another, they

Glucose is to cellulose as guanine is to

Which of the following would not be considered a type of sterol?

Which of the following components would not be found in a typical phospholipid bilayer?

Proteins, DNA, and starch are all

*Amniotic eggs are found in

****What types of intermolecular bonds are formed between biological molecules and hold them together?

____ bonds are the strongest bonds formed between atoms.

Which of these is not a mollusk?jellyfishsquidclamsnail

The main difference between the 20 amino acids is…

Two main types of cells are ________ and ______.

The boundary structure that physically defines a cell is the __________.

Which of the following statements about water is true?

Hydrogen bonds and hydrophilic interactions are

Consider the protein depicted in Figure 5.

17. Assume that the protein is made exclusively from hydrophobic amino acids. This protein would also be considered

What determines the folding pattern of a peptide turning into a completed protein?

Lysosomes are specialized vesicles in ________ that contain digestive enzymes for the breakdown of food. A related organelle known as a “vacuole,” which is found in ________, also contains enzymes but in addition may act as a storage organelle for nutrients or water.

In which of the following cell organelles would you expect to find the biochemical reactions that harness energy from the breakdown of sugar molecules to synthesize large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

The Golgi apparatus is one destination for substances that have been packaged into transport vesicles by rough ER.

Which of the following macromolecules are found in the plasma membrane?

Both chloroplasts and mitochondria

You are asked to examine a cell using a powerful light microscope. The image you see has a clearly defined nucleus and mitochondria. It also has a large vacuole and mitochondria. From what group of organisms did this cell most likely come?

In which of the following cell types would you see more cellular detail using an electron microscope than you would with a light microscope?

Consider a protein that is destined to be embedded in the plasma membrane. This protein must first be assembled in the ________ and then transported to the ________ for processing and sorting.

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes,

In a microscope, you observe an organelle that consists of a series of interconnected tubes and appears to be connected to the outer membrane of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell. What is the likely identity of this organelle?

Which organelle is surrounded by a double phospholipid bilayer with many pores?

Proteins that are destined for insertion into a membrane are one product of the rough ER.

Which of the following organelles would likely have the lowest pH?

Microtubules, motor proteins, and actin filaments are all part of the

Which of the following structures would you expect to find in a bacterium?

The best way to identify a cell as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic is to determine whether

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is false?

Which of the following structures produces motion through the action of filaments that “slide” or “walk” parallel to each other?

Eukaryotic cells are more efficient than prokaryotes because their internal compartmentalization

In terms of basic structure, elephant cells and oak tree cells both

Where is the secreted protein insulin synthesized?

Asexual reproduction is also called what?

A physician suspects that a chromosomal abnormality is the cause of a patient’s disease. He orders a karyotype for this patient, which will allow the doctor to

Certain types of cell growth and repair can occur only with the involvement of a unique class of cells that can divide and remain unspecialized for the entire lifetime of an organism. These cells are known as

The most important characteristic that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis is

The process through which a newly formed daughter cell becomes different from the original parent cell is

Before a cell can enter mitosis, it must first pass through

You are asked to look at a microscope slide containing dividing human cells. Focusing on one of these cells, you note that it has 23 unduplicated chromosomes.

This cell is most likely in which of the following stages of cell division

A normal diploid cell from a newly identified mammal has a total of 50 chromosomes. Which of the following statements about this cell is true?

In humans, mitosis

A cell whose haploid number is 12 will have ________ chromosomes present at prometaphase of mitosis.

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes would be present in a cell undergoing metaphase II?

The key feature of metaphase in mitosis is that

Cytokinesis, the physical act of cell separation, occurs by the same mechanism in both plants and animals.

Which of the following would not be found in cells undergoing anaphase II of meiosis?

Which of the following statements about the G0 phase is true?

If you randomly removed a somatic cell from the human body, odds are that it would

The second division of meiosis is essentially

In Figure 10.5, what is the difference between the cell shown at the beginning of G2 phase and the one shown entering mitosis and cytokinesis?

Consider a cell that begins meiosis with 30 total chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be present in each resulting daughter cell by the time the division process reaches metaphase II?

If you compare the chromosomes of a cell as it enters interphase with the same chromosomes just before the cell begins mitosis, a key difference would be

The main difference between plant and animal cell division is that

Which of the following is not rue about interphase?

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosmes?

Meiosis ensures that