| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dominant trait | Genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor |
| Genetics | Study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Hybrid | when the two alleles are different – another name for heterozygous |
| Recessive trait | Genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor |
| Allele | Different form of a gene |
| Codominance | Occurs when both alleles can be observed in the offspring's phenotype |
| Gene | Section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait |
| Genotype | Two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait (letters) |
| Heterozygous | If the two alleles of a gene are different |
| Homozygous | When the two alleles of a gene are the same |
| Incomplete dominance | Occurs when the offspring's phenotype is a combination of the parent's phenotypes |
| Phenotype | How a trait appears or is expressed (physically look like) |
| Polygenic inheritance | Occurs when the multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait |
| Punnett Square | Model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring |
| DNA | Organism's genetic material |
| Mutation | Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene |
| Nucleotide | Molecule made of a nitrogen base, sugar, and a phosphate group that forms the basic structural unit of DNA |
| Replication | Process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule |
| RNA | a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| Transcription | Process of making mRNA from DNA |
| Translation | Process of making a protein from RNA |
| purebred | when alleles are the same – another term for homozygous |
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