Question paper Biology Modules Essay

Look at this part of a family tree showing some people with naphthalene. Key Seems John female without naphthalene female with Kevin male without Jane male with monoplanes Naphthalene is caused by a recessive allele.

How does the family tree show this? Jane is a carrier of naphthalene. Jane marries Simon who has naphthalene. What is the probability of their first child having naphthalene? You must draw a genetic diagram to work out your answer. (Use N for the allele for normal vision and n for the allele for naphthalene. Probability – Total: 9] 4 In 1953, a famous scientist called Angel Keys investigated the cause of heart disease. He noticed that the number of deaths from heart disease varied in different countries. He wondered if this was linked to diet. So he gathered some data from different countries and plotted this graph.

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8 USA 6 number of deaths from heart disease per 1000 people 5 in the population Australia Canada England & Wales Italy Japan 1020304050 percentage of the energy in the diet that comes from all types of fat 5 Keys concluded that eating large amounts of saturated fat causes heart disease.Scientists have disagreed about Keys’ investigation. Some scientists have criticized his investigation. Other scientists have provided an explanation to back up his conclusion. Discuss the arguments that each group of scientists could use. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this [6] [Total: 6] (a) Tim m an Daisy are discussing the illegal drug cannabis I think cannabis should be a class B drug. Cannabis makes reflexes slower. It can speed up heart rate and cause vacillation.

It can also affect long-term memory. Daisy I don’t think cannabis should be a class B rug.It is less addictive than smoking tobacco. It only produces mild hallucinogenic effects. Tim thinks cannabis should be a class B drug. Explain why illegal drugs are put into different classes.

Daisy says that cannabis has hallucinogenic effects. Write down the name of one other drug that has hallucinogenic effects. Tim says cannabis causes vacillation. What is vacillation? (b) Cannabis prevents the release of a neurotransmitter chemical in the brain. Explain now this could prevent the proper tincturing o brain. (c) Scientists compare the danger of drugs by working out their therapeutic ratio.

This is worked out by therapeutic ratio = lethal dose smallest dose needed to have an effect The data in the table is for a 100 keg man. Drug alcohol for a 100 keg man in MGM smallest dose needed to have an effect therapeutic ratio 300 oho 30 oho 10 cannabis heroin 15 Giving cannabis to rats kills them when the dose is about 750 MGM per keg of rat. Work out the therapeutic ratio for cannabis for a 100 keg man.

(Assume that cannabis has the same effect on humans as rats. ) Write your answer in the table. Which drug do the scientists think is most dangerous? Use the data to explain your answer. 2] [Total: Section B – Module 82 This question is about classifying. Read the article about a species that was first discovered in 2009. 2009 The Year of the Green Bomber green structures The ‘green bomber’ is an annelid worm that lives at depths below 1800 meters in the seas off California.

At these depths it is very dark. Otherwise known as Swims bombardiers, the green bomber worm gets its name from the green oval structures near its head. The worm can shed these structures, so they drop off.

After they have dropped off they briefly glow in the dark with a brilliant, green light.The green oval trustees are thought to be helpful in escaping from predators. (a) Swims bombardiers is a newly discovered species. What is meant 9 by the term species? (b) Swims bombardiers has been named using the binomial system. What do the two parts of the name identify? Put ticks in the boxes next to the two correct answers. Class family genus order species (c) Swims bombardiers is more likely to survive at depths below 1800 meters than other worms. This is because of its green oval structures. Suggest how the green oval structures make it more likely to survive.

[2] (d) A similar species of worm lives in shallow waters.It does not have green oval structures. Scientists think that Swims bombardiers evolved from the ancestors of the species that lives in shallow waters. Explain how a population of worms with green oval structures may have become a separate species. [3] [Total: 9] This question is about lizards.

(a) Look at the picture. It shows a frilled lizard in the cool early morning. Frilled lizards are adapted to changing temperatures. The frill is a thin layer of skin that can be extended or closed. It is full of blood capillaries. In early morning, when the air is cold, the lizard climbs onto a rock and extends its rill.This absorbs heat from the Sun. Later in the day it is very hot.

The lizard’s behavior changes to prevent it getting too hot. Suggest how the lizard’s behavior changes, and explain how this behavior helps the frilled lizard regulate its body temperature. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer to this question.

-? 11 (b) Look at the picture of a Caribbean iguana. Read the article about a project to help Caribbean iguanas. The main threats to the survival of Caribbean iguanas are habitat loss and predation by cats and dogs which eat the young iguanas.Two conservation programmer are proposed. The first conservation programmer is called headstrong.

This involves collecting young iguanas from the wild. They are raised in captivity until they are large enough to survive in the wild. The second programmer involves captive breeding. A small number of adults in a zoo produce young iguanas. These are released into the wild. Winston is in charge of setting up the programmer. He believes that captive breeding would be more effective than headstrong. Use the information to evaluate how successful captive breeding might be.

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